Product Safety
personal electric cycling technology is facing a huge shift around the world. The continuous progress of battery technology has brought electric balance vehicles, electric scooters, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and many other light electric riding vehicles.
With the increasing use of batteries and electrical systems, it is urgent to solve the safety problems. The battery is the power core of personal light electric riding products. The latest UL standards cover the safety requirements for batteries and overall electrical systems, such as fire protection, explosion prevention, and electric shock prevention. More importantly, these standards will help our society to use battery technology widely in personal transportation in a safe and recognized way in the future.
UL released the first version of the OUTLINE UL 2849 safety standard for electric bicycle products in 2013, and has undergone several revisions to adapt the standard to changing product requirements. In 2018, the revision of the ANSI/CAN/UL 2849 standard was officially launched. After two years of discussion and revision, the ANSI/CAN/UL 2849 (the dual national standard of the United States and Canada) was officially released by UL on January 2, 2020. The purpose of the standard is to evaluate the electrical, mechanical, environmental and functional safety requirements of electric bicycle vehicles and their electrical systems, and to escort the safe use of products.
Batteries for light electric vehicles-UL 2271
the second edition of the ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2271 was released on September 7, 2018 to evaluate batteries for light-duty electric vehicles. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued a notice on January 18, 2019 requiring battery manufacturers to meet the corresponding safety standards. Among them, the applicable standard for light electric vehicle batteries is UL 2271. UL remains committed to working with industry manufacturers to improve product safety.
Battery cell requirements for safety standards for vehicle power batteries UL 2580
the third edition of the ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2580 was published on March 11, 2020. UL 2580 covers the requirements for power cells and systems and is a dual national standard in the United States and Canada. Unlike regular battery standards, the UL 2580 standard not only covers strict testing requirements, but also has comprehensive requirements for battery structure, functional safety, labeling and instructions. For the requirements of the battery core part, the standard adopts double Appendix requirements (Appendix B and Appendix D), that is, meeting any Appendix requirements can be regarded as meeting the requirements of the standard. In terms of testing, the battery core involves capacity verification testing, mechanical testing and evaluation such as vibration, impact, impact, drop, extrusion, electrical testing and evaluation such as external short circuit, forced discharge, overcharge, and environmental testing and evaluation such as high temperature impact, temperature cycle, low air pressure, combustion and ejection. All-round consideration of the safety risks when the battery is used for power drive.
Personal Electric Ride Equipment Standard UL 2272
the first version of ANSI/CAN/UL-2272 was released on November 21, 2016 to evaluate electric balance vehicles. After more than two years of precipitation, it was revised on February 25, 2019. The product category was changed from a single electric balance car to all personal electric riding equipment that meets the requirements of the standard range, such as electric scooters, electric skateboard shoes, etc. The standard includes a series of requirements such as component requirements, electrical performance, mechanical performance, environmental testing, motor testing, etc. For the first time, it is proposed that the protection circuit of lithium batteries for electric balance vehicles or scooters needs to verify its functional reliability to ensure that lithium-ion batteries work In its normal working range, it prevents overcharge, overdischarge or high temperature work from occurring, thereby effectively improving safety. UL provides testing and certification of UL 2272 personal electric ride tools and evaluates the safety of electric drive systems and battery and charger system combinations.
Test:
electrical testing: short circuit test, overcharge and overdischarge test, unbalanced charge test, forced discharge test, abnormal operation-component fault test, operation temperature rise test, withstand voltage insulation impedance test, leakage current test, ground continuity test, input test
environmental testing: water exposure test (IP Code water immersion), temperature cycle test, thermal shock test, label wipe test, combustion projectile test, electric drive control test (UL 2849 only), start assist mode test, reverse pedal test, pedal stop test, brake cut-off test, maximum speed cut-off test
functional Safety Assessment: FMEA failure analysis, hardware functional safety assessment, software functional safety assessment
certification: (based on standard): UL/CUL 2849, UL/CUL 2272, UL/CUL 2271, UL/CUL 2580. EN15194, EN17128, 16 CFR 1512, UL 991, UL1998, CSA C22.2 No. 0.8, IEC/UL 60730 -1 Annex H, CAN/CSA E 60730-1 Annex H, ISO 13849-1, ISO 13849-2.
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