UL 2595:2015 is a standard for general requirements for the safety of battery-powered equipment, specifically for battery-powered appliances and equipment, including appliances with removable, integrated, and detachable battery packs. The following is a detailed interpretation of the standard:

1. UL 2595 Scope

• equipment type: Suitable for battery-powered equipment, including power tools, household appliances, etc.

• battery type: covers removable, integrated and detachable battery packs, with a maximum rated voltage of 75V d.s..

• special instructions: does not apply to appliances containing lithium metal batteries (lithium-ion batteries do not belong to lithium metal batteries), nor does it apply to the safety requirements of battery chargers, and appliances where users install general-purpose batteries.

2. UL 2595 Key Requirements

1. evaluation with end product standards: UL 2595 standards must be used in conjunction with end product standards and cannot be used independently for product evaluation.

2. protection against electric shock: If the battery pack in the appliance is charged by a non-isolated charger, it needs to meet the protection against electric shock.

3. fire risk assessment: When assessing the fire risk of removable battery packs, these battery packs have been considered to be unregulated energy sources and have been assessed in this standard.

4. battery pack standard applicability: Because the use is different from other products, the battery pack only needs to meet the UL 2595, without meeting other battery pack standards such as UL 2054.

3. UL 2595 Critical Parts Requirements

UL 2595 specifies specific standards to be met by critical components, including but not limited:

• lithium-ion cells: must meet UL 62133 or CAN/CSA E62133.

• PTC or NTC: Requires UL 1434.

• external Charger: Requires UL 1012, UL 1310 or UL 6950-1.

• optocoupler: To meet UL 157.

• relay: to meet UL 508.

• label system: to meet UL 969.

4. UL 2595 product test items

to ensure the safety of battery-powered equipment, the UL 2595 standard specifies a number of product testing items, including but not limited:

• label durability (Durability): Evaluate the durability of the label under normal use conditions.

• Normal Charging of Lithium-ion Systems: Verify the safety of the lithium-ion system during normal charging.

• abnormal operation test of lithium-ion charging system: to evaluate the safety of lithium-ion charging system under abnormal operation conditions.

• short-circuit abnormal operation test of lithium-ion battery: Simulate the short-circuit condition of lithium-ion battery and check the response capability of the system.

• li-ion battery vibration test: Evaluate the stability and safety of the battery under vibration conditions.

• li-ion battery shell pressure test: test the pressure resistance of the battery shell under pressure conditions.

• mechanical strength: Evaluate the mechanical strength and durability of equipment and its components.

• structural inspection: to ensure that the equipment structure meets the safety requirements.

• power supply connection and external active power cord test: Check the safety and reliability of the power supply connection and external active power cord.

• creepage distance, electrical clearance and insulation distance test: to ensure that the equipment has sufficient electrical insulation performance.

• fire and Heat Protection Test: Evaluate the fire performance of equipment under fire conditions and the ability to prevent heat diffusion.