Lithium battery-powered electric micro-vehicles, such as electric bicycles, electric scooters and electric motorcycles, experience significant vibration and shock during normal use.
Affected Components
the main components that are affected by vibration and shock to the interior of a lithium-ion battery include:
Separating membrane
Electrolyte
vibration causes the liquid electrolyte to sway inside the battery, wearing the sealing point and the packaging material. Electrolyte leakage increases over time, reducing the level of electrolyte required to sustain the chemical reaction.
Internal Connections
mechanical stress can loosen the weld and connector between the electrode and the label, increase resistance and heat accumulation during charging and discharging, resulting in reduced capacity and increased risk of overheating.
Risk accumulation
as micro-vehicle batteries experience millions of small shocks and vibrations over their lifetime, the risks mentioned above continue to accumulate and worsen. The battery becomes:
the charging capability is less able to be maintained due to dead spots, separator damage and electrolyte loss.
Internal short circuits are more likely to occur due to tearing and loose connections of the separator film.
It is more likely to overheat due to increased resistance at hot spots, loose connections and fast charging.
It is more susceptible to thermal runaway, I .e. an uncontrolled increase in temperature, which may trigger a fire risk.
Maintenance and Replacement
although normal use will inevitably damage lithium batteries to some extent over time, proper maintenance and replacement before the defect level becomes serious can help minimize the risk of failure.
Issues requiring attention include:
the charging interval time or capacity is reduced.
The charging time is extended.
Abnormal heating during or after charging.
The battery case is convex or deformed.
In short, lithium batteries involved in some products, especially electric micro-vehicle batteries, are often subjected to shock and vibration, gradually creating internal risks, which will lead to failure as the battery life is compromised. Proper maintenance and timely replacement of lithium-ion batteries becomes necessary. Replacing lithium-ion batteries every 2-3 years can significantly reduce the risk of overheating, thermal runaway and fire to avoid the accumulation of defects to dangerous levels.
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