UL9540A the standard, issued by UL, is a test method used to evaluate the spread of large-scale thermal runaway fire in battery energy storage systems, and is widely recognized by relevant departments.
S. authoritative industry norms, such american Electrical Act(Section 706), american Residential Code(Section R327) american International Fire Code(energy storage section) and national Fire Administration NFPA855 Standards and so on the energy storage system put forward UL 9540A listing requirements.
UL 9540A the first edition was released in November 2017, the second and third editions were released in 2018, and the fourth edition was released in 2019. It is the test method standard determined by UL after collecting opinions from industry groups in the world, it has also been highly praised by building owners and self-governing groups in the US metropolitan area that value safety.
In fact, the fire authorities in New York City require that the thermal runaway flame spread test specified in UL 9540A must be performed and reported when installing the power storage system.
ANSI/CAN/UL 9540A: 2019
Standard for Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagationin Battery Energy Storage Systems
Q: In which cases does UL 9540A apply? Do any battery packs for energy storage systems need to be met?
A: That's not true.
The test of UL 9540A is to meet the requirements of UL 9540, and Section 23.2 of UL 9540 specifies the conditions under which UL 9540A tests need to be performed. They respectively include:
a) The system has energy exceeding the requirements of specifications and standards, as shown in the table below;
b) Indoor systems with reduced separation from adjacent ESS units, doors and windows, combustibles, non-combustibles or limited combustibles, as shown in the table above. This includes building elements (such as walls and ceilings) or any materials in the vicinity of the ESS;
c) Outdoor systems with reduced spacing from adjacent units and exposure devices, as shown in the table above;
d) Exterior wall mounting systems with reduced spacing, as shown in the table above;
e) Indoor wall-mounted system;
f) Systems installed in residential houses;
g) When an explosion analysis is required to confirm that the installation site is safe.
23.2.2 Electrochemical ESS used in residential or habitable spaces of residential units shall meet the performance-cell level test requirements of UL 9540A.
Q: UL 9540A is the test for batteries or battery packs?
A: UL 9540A is tested at four levels: cell level, module level, unit level and installation level.
Q: UL 9540A is there a sequence requirement for the test? Is it required that the cell meets first, followed by the module?
A:UL 9540A test sequence is shown in the following flow chart:
Q: What is the general test process of the battery core?
A: First, use the device to trigger its thermal runaway, and monitor the data of the thermal runaway trigger process, then analyze the composition of the pressure relief gas of the battery core, analyze the relevant collected data, and form a report.
Q: Cell UL 9540A what will the report contain?
A: Contains the following:
a) Cell manufacturer name and cell model name;
b) Chemical system, physical package shape, capacity, nominal voltage, size and mass of the cell;
c) Energy storage technology;
d) Rated energy;
e) Relevant voltage and current parameters of the cell;
f) Initial open circuit voltage of the cell test;
g) Attempted or used method to trigger thermal runaway;
h) The surface temperature of the first gas vent and the average temperature of the test samples excluding the gas collection samples;
i) The surface temperature (and the position of the highest temperature) before thermal runaway and the average temperature of the test sample (excluding the gas collection sample);
j) Combustible gas generation and composition measurement;
k) Lower flammability limit of the exhaust gas of the cell;
l) Burning speed of exhaust gas in the cell;
m) Pmax of vent gas in the cell.
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