Electric vehicles and light electric motorcycles are more and more popular because of their low energy consumption, green environmental protection and other advantages, and have become a major direction of future automobile development. As the heart of the power of electric vehicles, the safety performance of the battery has also received more and more attention. At present, there are many power battery safety standards for electric vehicles at home and abroad, such as UL2580, ISO12405-1, ISO12405-2, etc., as well as domestic automobile industry standard QC743-2006, etc. These standards have made corresponding requirements for the safety of battery cells, battery modules, battery charging and discharging systems, etc. This paper mainly takes UL2580 as an example to briefly introduce the requirements for power batteries.
UL issued a draft of UL2580, a safety standard for automotive power batteries, in 2009, and released the official version of UL2580 in October 2011. At the same time, UL2580 passed the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) review and was officially adopted as the American national standard.
The UL2580 standard covers internal energy storage devices for electric vehicles such as battery cells, battery modules, and battery pack systems. This standard describes the ability of the battery to withstand simulated abuse and to protect personnel in the event of a risk of abuse. At the same time, the standard battery and battery module in the manufacturer's specified operating temperature range of charge and discharge parameters reliability. However, the standard does not consider the interaction between other control systems and batteries in electric vehicles.
The power battery used in light electric vehicles (such as electric bicycles, electric wheelchairs, electric scooters, etc.) has separate requirements in the UL2271 standard, so it is not within the scope of the UL2580 standard.
The test items in UL2580 are all for the test of power battery packs and battery modules for electric vehicles, and there are no test items for single cells. However, the standard also specifically states that cells must meet the corresponding battery standards. For example, lithium ion cells must pass UL1642, and nickel system cells must meet the requirements of cell test in UL2054.
The safety standard UL2580 standard test items for electric vehicle batteries are as follows:
EESA-Electrical Testing
Overcharge overcharge
Short Circuit
Overdischarge Protection over-release protection
Temperature temperature rise
Imbalanced Charging unbalanced charging
Dielectric Voltage Withstand withstand voltage
Isolation Resistance insulation impedance
Continuity earth continuity
Failure of Cooling/Thermal Stability System
EESA Mechanical Testing
Rotation Flip
Vibration Endurance vibration
Shock mechanical shock
Drop Drop
Crush Extrusion
environmental testing
Thermal Cycling temperature shock
Salt Spray
Immersion water immersion
External Fire Exposure Burning Inside
Internal Fire Exposure
there are two kinds of cell tests, Annex B and Annex D, one of which is to be done.
Annex B:
each test requires three samples, and the three samples need to be pretreated at 0 degrees, 25 degrees, and 45 degrees respectively,
test capacity.
Number of samples: 33 cycles: 6 weeks
Annex D:
all tests require samples to be tested after 1/4 cycles of charge and discharge life or 90 days,
two samples were tested each.
Number of samples: 22 cycles: 6 weeks
there are differences between the tests for Annex B and Annex D
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